NanomemoryCards.com
Principles of Nanomemory Cards

Nanomemory is rapid-access electronic data storage that uses nanotubes or other forms of nanotechnology to increase storage density, decrease power requirements, and accelerate access speeds. Nanomemory cards are exchangeable nanomemory components for use in different electronic devices. For matter and commodities in numerous fields, spanning electronics and medicine, being more miniature is generally superior.  Smaller integrated circuit circuits can perform more calculations with reduced power demands.  Smaller medical equipment may interact with cells in the human body at a molecular level for more precise diagnosis and guided elimination of pathology.   For these reasons, there is growing awareness in the area of nanotechnology -- science that deals with objects that are very, very little.  A nanometer is merely one billionth of a meter, a length into which one can only position around 10 atoms. Nanotechnology is the science and application of assembling objects on a scale littler than one hundred nanometers.  The extreme abstraction of nanotechnology is the "bottom up" production of virtually any substance or thing by assembling one atom at a time.  Although nanotechnology processes occur at the scale of nanometers, the substances and objects that result from these processes can be much greater.   Large-scale results occur when nanotechnology involves huge synergism in which most contemporaneous and synergistic nanoscale processes mix to generate a large-scale result. Nanotechnology substances and items are not just scaled-down versions of their more massive counterparts.  Nanotechnology creates composites and objects with features that are qualitatively alternative than conventionally fabricated goods.   Nanotech commodities may have bigger strength, less weight, more conductivity, enlarged heat resistance, and alternative beneficial attributes relative to standard goods.  For example, nano-engineered material will likely be numerous times stronger than steel at a fraction of steel's weight.  See furthermore Colibrys. The field of nanotechnology involves the mixing of multiple basic sciences and practical disciplines.  It engages the tangible sciences of physics, chemistry, elements science and engineering.  It also engages life sciences such as biology, genetics, genomics, medicine (including many specialties such as oncology, radiology, and orthopedics) and pharmacology.  Further, it extends into circuitry, computer science, material research and media. Click on photos for nanotechnology theme T-shirts and sweatshirts: Crystals are made when atoms cluster in an orderly structure with some degree of guidance from micro-environmental conditions.  There is variation in the degree to which they autonomously “self-assemble” and the degree to which their manufacture is directly by the specifics of the designed environment.  This principle additionally applies to the creation of nanocrystalline patterns such as nanotubes, nanospheres, and nanowires.   For example, nanotubes are grown by subjecting extremely hot carbon material to an intense electrical charge.  For more: Virtual Reality. Nanotechnology has shifted from abstraction to reality with the development of tools such as the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), and the Virtual Surface Profiling Microscope (VSPM).  These microscopes do more than just let people watch microscopic products.  They furthermore enable alignment of substance on a perspective of nanometers in a vacuum, liquid or gas.  The AFM has a probe that creates three-dimensional images of specific atoms and micro-scale materials at the nano-scale plane as it moves across an object’s surface.  STMs may etch surfaces and move particles on scale of nanometers.  Even more better instruments for nanosize growth and nanoparticle manufacture are under exploration. Nanomanufacturing is the creation of substances and outputs through: (1) Direct Molecular Assembly (DMA) -- discrete, directed assembly of individual atoms and micro-scale materials into larger scale composites and commodities; (2) Indirect Crystalline Assembly (ICA) -- production of conditions that foster the growth of nanoscale crystals that are then combined into larger scale materials and merchandise; or (3) Massive Parallelism Assembly (MPA) -- the creation of many nano-machines or nanobots whose operating parameters produce them to work synergistically to assemble atoms and molecules into macroscale materials and goods.  Also observe -- Lab_Bell, Inc.. A nanomachine is an extremely microscopic human-made electromechanical device that is manufactured on the atomic or nanoscopic stage to achieve specific functions.  Nanoscale mechanical gears, joints and layered polymers create tiny arms and legs by which nanomachines will likely propagate and function jobs.  Nanosensors and material processors enable them to sense and respond to heat, beam, chemicals, surfaces, sounds and various ecological stimuli. Nanobots are a better form of nano-machines that may adapt to their biosphere, work synergistically toward a common goal, and even replicate.  Currently, replication is an optional attribute that is characteristic of just the most higher-order nanobots and not portion of the base definition for nano-bots.  Nanomachines are being produced, but true nano-bots remain in the realm of science fiction.  Additional Virtual Link. Future developments at the intersection of substances science and nanotechnology will likely lead to the generation of intelligent matter that sense and respond to their biosphere.  These "smart materials" will respond to temperature, pressure, beam, electricity, or various stimuli.  Nanotechnology may assemble smart elements (and items made with such materials) equipped with nanosensors and versatile internal designs that change shape and function with varying conditions and commands. Click on illustrations for nanotechnology theme T-shirts and sweatshirts: Nanotechnology has the capacity to completely revolutionize the electronics industry.  Nanomachines could some day produce data processor circuits from the “bottom up” -- one atom at a time. This would facilitate the manufacturing of nanochips on a much littler dimension than chips generated with current “top down” etching techniques.  Nanocrystalline processes will likely also be used to grow electronic processors components.  For example: (1) carbon nanotubes grown in targeted micro-environments will likely have super-conductive properties; and (2) nanowires as tiny as strings of atoms may be grown like crystals and then assembled into circuits.  Circuits assembled atom-by-atom or grown using nanocrystalline techniques will be much littler, lighter, efficient, cooler, stronger, and swifter than circuits made with standard manufacturing processes.  See furthermore National Science Foundation. Many human illnesses and injuries have their origins in nanoscale processes.  Accordingly, implementation of nanotechnology to the practice of health care and biomedical research opens up innovative opportunities to treat illnesses, repair injuries, and improve human functioning beyond what is possible with macroscale techniques.  At the nano-level stage, the distinctions between mechanical and biologic processes soften.  Nanoparticles can attach to certain cells or tissues and deliver health-related photos of their location and design.  Hollow nanocapsules with drug contents can attach to cancer cells and release their payloads into them – maximizing targeted delivery and minimizing systemic side effects.  Nanomedibots may repair vital tissue damanged by injury or medical conditions, or destroy cancerous tissue that has gone awry, without invasive surgery. Click on photos for nanotechnology theme T-shirts and sweatshirts: Nanopharmacology is the application of nanotechnology to the discovery of recent nanoscale entities with pharmacological characteristics.  Nanotechnology is additionally useful for individualized matching of drugs to particular people to maximize effectiveness and minimize side effects.  It is also used for  delivery of pharmaceuticals to directed locations or specific types of tissue in the body.  See furthermore Gennum. One of the most promising early applications of nanotechnology to the practice of medical care is focused biologic agent delivery using nanocapsules.  For many drug uses, cancer elimination for example, it is a challenge to get effective amounts of a biologic agent to a particular tissue within the body while keeping systemic effects low.  Drug-filled nanocapsules can be covered with antibodies or cell-surface receptors that bind to cancer or various tissue and release their drug payload upon contact with those tissue.  Nanocapsules also yield one of the few ways to get drugs across the blood-brain hurdle for healing of diseases affecting the eyes, brain, and various portions of the core nervous system.  They behave like a Trojan Horse that the obstruction lets through. Nanotechnology could one day be able to form nanomedibots that function like simulated white-blood tissue – repairing tissue at a nanoscale scale.   We have already said that nanocapsules will potentially transport and release pharmaceuticals.  They will generally additionally contain living tissue that release therapeutic agents, protecting the cells from rejection or destruction by the host by camouflaging them from the host’s immune system.  Some day there might even be nanotech blood vessels for implantation in people with cardiovascular sickness. In addition to delivering drugs as discussed above, nanotech medical robots ("nanomedibots") could be able to: monitor body function; repair damaged tissue at the nanoscale stage; deconstruct pathologic or abnormal material or tissue such as cancer or plaque; and advance human health and functioning. Although nanomedibots have not been designed, there are ongoing advances in nanofluidics and carbon nanotube flow sensors that could become their building blocks.  As nanotechnology and biotechnology advance, nanomedibots and designed positive microorganisms might be integrated. Inquiries about this material and the domain NanomemoryCards.com may be sent to: NanomemoryCards.com © 2004-2006 by NanomemoryCards.com